Receptacle



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Patented June 24, 194i RECEPTCLE corporation of New York Application December 30, 1933, Serial No.248fi69 11 Claims.

This invention relates to receptacles, and more particularly to receptacles for containing corrosive liquids.

Methods have been recently developed in the electrolytic arts of separating and of depositing metals which depend upon the use of solutions comprising sulphonic acids and particularly phenol-sulphonic acid or benzene disulphonic acid as a principal electrolytic agent in the solution. It is found that under the conditions of concentration, relatively high temperature and electrolytic dissociation of these acids in such electrolytic procedures, the solutions are excessively corrosive, and tanks of vvarious constructions, -satisfactory with most other electrolytes will not stand up with these sulphonic acid solutions.

One type of tank, for example, commonly employed for electrolytic processes comprises a body molded of monolithic concrete and coated inside with any one of a variety of coating materials, a commonly used one being asphalt with or without an admixture of chemically inert ller in powder form, Such tanks thus internally coated or lined -are remarkably durable for many procedures of the general type in question. Nevertheless they are not suitable for use with sulphonic acid solutions, particularly because such electrolytes are often used at temper-atures at which asphalt compounds soften and even melt.

In another similar type of tank there is a similar concrete body painted on the inside with asphalt and having an inner lining of canvas or the like saturated With asphalt and adherent to the asphalt coating on the concrete. However, no such tanks have yet been found which will give satisfactory service when used with hot sulphonic acid electrolytes.

An object of the present invention is to provide a receptacle for containing corrosive liquids, particularly electrolytio tanks for containing sulphonic acid electrolytes, which is simple and inexpensive to manufacture and durable in use.

Another object of the invention is to provide a simple and effective method of making receptacles which are suitable for containing corrosive liquids and particularly for containing sulphon'ic acid electrolytes.

It has been discovered that the Cashew nut contains an oil or oily fluid just beneath the outer` husk. A complete description of this product is given in U. S. Patent 1,725,791, issued August 27, 1929, to The Harvel Corporation as the assignee of Mortimer T. Harvey. This patent also describes and discloses methods of making resin-like or resinous condensation products from the cashew shell oil. The present inventor has discovered that these condensation products of cashew nut oil can be used in the production of receptacles Which are substantially completely resistant to the effects of electrolytes containing sulphonic acids.

One embodiment of the invention may comprise a monolithic concrete tank to the inner surface of which a cement consisting of an originally thickly liquid, viscous or pasty casheW shell oil condensation product is used to form a protective layer upon and to secure to the concrete a sheet material lining comprising a cashew shell oil condensation product of a tough and rubbery consistency and containing some substantially incorrodible powdered iiller such as iinely divided carbon, the cement being preferably an -aldehyde condensation product.

Other objects and featuresl of the invention will appear from the following detailed description of one embodiment thereof takenv in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which the saine reference numerals are applied to identical parts in the several figures and in which v Fig. l is a View in perspective of a tank constructed in accordance with the invention, particularly for use with sulphonic acid electrolytes;

Fig. 2 is a sectional vievv on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional View of a Wall of the tank.

In the embodiment herein disclosed a tank to contain -a corrosive liquid comprises a body 2U preferably of monolithic molded concrete with metal reeniorcement 2 ir enclosed Within the concrete, although this body may be of any mechanically suitable material and structure, and having an inner lining 22 which is secured to the inner wall of the tank by a coating or layer or cement 23. f

The lining 22 is of material consisting principally of one of the condensation products of cashevv nut oil compounded With a ller. Preferably the condensation product is that produced by direct heating of the oil as described in the patent noted above, and it is preferably compounded with iinely divided carbon, e. g. lampblack, or other suitable inert pulverized filler. This compounding vmay conveniently be done in such masticating rollers as are'used for compounding rubber mixtures, and the result is a sheet which is tough, rubbery in consistency, free from pin holes, and which does not soften materially at temperatures approaching that of boiling water. In some instances it may be found satisfactory to condense the oil with paraformaldehyde or the like to produce a condensation product analogous to the ordinary synthetic resins, such for example as the phenol formaldehyde resins.

A suitable material for this purpose is the sheet product known as Harvel 558, which is Inanufactured by The Harvel Corporation, of Newark, NewJersey, herein mentioned.

The lining 22 may be prefabricated to fit the tank in which it is t-o be used and thus be itself seamless, although for most purposes it will be satisfactory to make it in the least number of convenient sized at sheets. In this case the seams between the sheets, which may be abutted in butt joints or lap joints, will be filled with the cement hereinafter described.

.The cementing material 23 is pref-erably the condensation product of cashew shell `oil or of modified Cashew shell .oil with. an aldehyde such as paraformaldehyde, which is produced by simple application of heat. A suitable modified Cashew shell oil or product of Cashew shell oil, which may be mixed with paraformaldehyde to produce -a satisfactory cement, is fthe one known as Harvel 818 also manufactured by The Harvel Corporation hereinbefore mention-ed. Thus when the sheet lining 22 is to be applied to the tank body 2! no special procedure is required beyond coating the inner wall of the tank body or outer surface of the lining or both with a suitable mixture of the modified Cashew shell. oil and. of parafo'rmaldehyde.

No positive proportions of the ingredients can be given, as these will vary somewhat with the porosity and absorptiveness o-f the concrete material of the tank body. However, when the mixture is properly made the fresh mixture of modified Cashew shell oil and paraf-crmaldehyde Will be too viscous to spread with a brush and must be laid on with a spatula, trowel or the like.

Great care must be tak-en to avoid any pin holes or other breaks in the continuity of the cement layer. For this reason it is preferable to apply a priming coat of the cement material to the tank body and when the priming co-at has partially dried to apply one vor more additional co-ats of 'the cement upon the priming coat. The material used for this priming coat will preferably be the modified Cashew shell oil thinned with some volatile solvent such as naphtha. No parai f formaldehyde is mixed with this and the priming coat may be applied with a brush. This coat may never become completely hardened but may remain a thin, tacky, self-healing layer remaining impervious under relative changes of the concrete body and the lining 22 with changes of temperature.

If desired, the cement may also be applied to the surface of the lining 22 which is to come into Contact with lthe cement on the tank body or the same surface of the lining 22 may be provided with a priming coat as just described. The lining is then pressed into place by squeezing out any air trapped between the lining and the wall of the tank and the whole allowed to stand for some twenty-four hours, in which time the cement will be converted into a tough homogeneous resinous mass. After allowing sufficient time for the cement to become thoroughly hardened, the tank is ready for use.

It appears that the sulphonic acid electrolytes often used at temperatures upward of C. have a peculiar power to soften, disintegrate and penetrate tank linings which are impervious to alkaline electrolytes or 4to other well known acid electrolytic uids containing acid such as sulphuric, hydrochloric, nitric, acetic and the other common acids, and customarily used at temperatures under 80 C.y Consequently tanks usually employed for corrosive materials are unsuitable for and apt to fail in use with sulpl'ionic acid solutions.

Attempts have been made to employ tanks lined with the Cashew oil condensation product cement alone to hold sulphonic acid solutions, but Ithese have failed t-o be satisfactory. It is only when both the cement and the lining are used that satisfactory results are obtained. Presumably this may be because of the strikingly great resistance of the two together to mechanical injuryfcombined with their chemical invulnerability.

Tanks for electrolytic procedures constructed in accordance with the present invention have a considerably greater life than tanks of other constructions with many kinds of acid electrolytesgalthough it is only in the case of the hot sulphonic acid electrolytes and especially those containing phenol-sulphonic or benZene-di-sulpho-nic acid that one may say that tanks manufactured in accordance wi-th the present invention appear to be the only ones at present known to stand up and Agive permanent satisfaction in service. The lining of these tanks is substantially unattacked by hot Isulphonic acid solutions and in addition has the ydesirable physical propert'ies .of being notably resistant to mechanical abrasion, to softening at high temperatures, and yto development of pin holes and flaws under frequent and relatively large changes of temperature.

The invention has been disclosed as applied in the ,case of a tank, particularly ldesigned to contain electrolytes having a sulphoni-c acid as an ingredient. .While this is a principal purpose of applicants invention it is believed that the invention will be found to be useful in the case of other acid electrolytic solutionsof a pecu- .v liarly penetrative nature, especially at temperaytures of 80 C. and upward.

The tank body 20y is preferably constructed as shown with all inside corners and edges rounded, and with the Itop faces` of the side Walls flat near thev outer periphery and rounding smoothly down at the inner periphery, into the vertical inner faces o-f the `side walls. The coatings 22 Iand 23- are then carried up and over these curves to the outer edges of the top faces of the vertical side walls, as an added precaution against entry of fluid'between thev layers or between the-m and the tank body.

TheY embodiment of the invention herein disclosed is illustrative and may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of lthe invention :as pointed out in and limited solely by the appended claims.

' What is claimed is:

1. In a container for corrosive liquids having a hollow body of suitable-material, means to protect the material of the body against corrosion by liquids contained therein, the said means including a lining of solid material comprising a Cashew shel1-oil condensation product, and a layer of adhesive material interposedv between the body and the lining and consisting of a condensation product of cashew shell oil and an aldehyde.

2. In a container for corrosive liquids having a hollow body of suitable material, means to protect the material of the body against corrosion by liquids contained therein, the said means including a lining of solid sheet material consisting of a Cashew shell oil condensation product and an inert filler, and a layer of adhesive material interposed between the body and the lining and consisting of a condensation product of cashew shell oil.

3. In a container for Corrosive liquids having a hollow body of suitable material, means to protect the material of the body against corrosion by liquids contained therein, the said means including a lining of solid material consisting of a cashew shell oil condensation product and an inert ller, and a layer of adhesive material interposed between the body and the lining to secure the lining to the tank and to provide added protection for the tank and consisting of a condensation product of cashew shell oil and paraformaldehyde.

4. In a container for corrosive liquids having a hollow body of suitable material, means to protect the material of the body against corrosion by liquids contained therein, the said means including a lining of solid sheet material comprising a cashew shell oil condensation product, a layer of unsolidied adhesive material interposed between the body and the lining and consisting oi a condensation product of cashew shell oil, and a layer of solidified adhesive material interposed between the body and the lining and consisting of a condensation product of cashew shell oil.

5. In a container for corrosive liquids having a hollow body of suitable material, means to protect the material of the body against corrosion by liquids contained therein, the said means including a lining of solid material comprising a cashew shell oil condensation product, a layer of unsolidied adhesive material inter-posed between the body and the lining and consisting of a condensation product of cashew shell oil, and a layer of solidified adhesive material interposed between the unsolidied layer and the lining and consisting of a condensation product of cashew shell oil and an aldehyde.

6. 'Ihe method of making a container for corrosive liquids, which method comprises the steps of covering the inner surface of a container with an imperforate coating of a mixture of a condensable product of cashew shell oil with an aldehyde, causing the condensation of the Cashew shell oil product and the aldehyde to be partially completed, pressing against the partially condensed coating a lining of solid material comprising a condensation product of cashew shell oil, and Causing the condensation of the coating material to be completed.

7. The method of making a container for corrosive liquids, which method comprises the steps of Covering the inner surface of a container with an imperforate Coating of a mixture of a condensable product of cashew shell oil with paraformaldehyde, causing the condensation of the cashew shell oil product and the paraformaldehyde to be partially completed, pressing against the partially condensed coating a lining of solid material comprising a condensation product of cashew shell oil and causing the condensation of the coating material to be completed.

8. In a container for corrosive liquids having a hollow body of suitable material, means to protect the material of the body against corrosion by liquids contained therein, the said means including a lining of solid material comprising a cashew shell oil condensation product, and a layer of adhesive material interposed between the body and the lining and consisting of a condensation product of cashew shell oil and paraformaldehyde.

9. In a container for corrosive liquids having a hollow body of suitable material, means to protect the material of the body against corrosion by liquids Contained therein, the said means including a lining of solid material consisting of a cashew shell oil condensation product and an inert ller, and a layer of adhesive material interposed between the body and the lining and consisting of a condensation product of cashew shell oil and an aldehyde.

10. In a container for corrosive liquids having a hollow body of suitable material, means to protect the material of the body against corrosion of liquids contained therein, the said means including a lining of solid material comprising a cashew shell oil condensation product, a layer of unsolidified adhesive material interposed between the body and the lining and consisting of a condensation product of cashew shell oil, and a layer of solidified adhesive material interposed between the unsolidied layer and the lining and consisting of a condensation product of cashew shell oil and paraformaldehyde.

11. The method of making a container for corrosive liquids, which method comprises the steps of covering the inner surface of a container with an imperforate coating, of a condensable product of cashew shell oil, causing the condensation of the cahew shell oil product to be partially com.-

pleted, pressing against the partially condensed 

